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The .22 Long Rifle cartridge, introduced by J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company in 1887, became the world's most popular rimfire round by combining the .22 Long's case with the heavier 40-grain bullet from the .22 Extra Long, offering improved power and accuracy for hunting, sport, and training, evolving from earlier Flobert designs and remaining ubiquitous today due to low cost, minimal recoil, and versatility in various loads. Adolph Otto Niedner (1863 – 1954) Mr. Niedner enlisted in the United States Army in 1880 and fought against the Apache uprisings led by Victorio and Geronimo. He was discharged in 1883 with a scar from a scalp wound and subsequently found his way to the Boston MA area. He was an active member of Massachusetts Rifle Association for more than twenty years. In addition to building Patridge's first sight, Niedner also experimented in developing and improving rifle cartridges. Once Niedner complained to Major Dooley of the U.S. Cartridge about the lack of accuracy of the .22 long cartridges available at the time. Major Dooley provided Niedner with 10,000 primed .22 long cases and 25 pounds of powder. Niedner's subsequent experiments led to the eventual development of the .22 long rifle cartridge, one of the most popular calibers ever invented. Niedner also developed the “25 Niedner” around 1920 (more commonly known today as the “25-06 Remington”). When the enterprising J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., aided by the Union Metallic Cartridge Co., originated the .22 Long Rifle cartridge (brought to UMC by A.O. Niedner), it was necessary to increase the twist in the rifles in which this cartridge was shot, from one turn in 25 inches to one turn in 16 inches, to stabilize the extra ten grains of lead. By increasing the bullet from 30 to 40 grains, and increasing the twist from 25 to 16, the range and accuracy of the cartridge were wonderfully increased, so much so that shooting declared to be impossible with the old .22 short cartridge was readily performed with the new .22 Long Rifle. As the increased accuracy secured by this change became known, calls came for other makes of rifles to take the new cartridge... and the world's most popular cartridge was born. -Gould, Modern American Rifles 1892
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