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Hot Topic (More than 10 Replies) Quenching bullets. (Read 2595 times)
Dusty Rhodes
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Quenching bullets.
May 31st, 2022 at 9:57pm
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I don't wish to have a debate on whether dropping a freshly molded bullet into a can of cold water actually hardens the alloy, but would like to know this from those who do quench. 

Is the process consistant.?
If I cast with a weighed 20 : 1 Lead Tin alloy and immediately drop them into cold water (or tepid water), what is the result. Are all of those new bullets now a new, consistant hardness ? 
Is it repeatable, and do they stay the same for a period of time. ? Do they shrink ?

Why do I ask. ?   I think if it does work consistantly, then it's an easier way to try harder bullets, than weighing up a new mix, etc etc. Only to find your rifle didn't like the harder bullet. ??
  
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Chuckster
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #1 - May 31st, 2022 at 10:36pm
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Don't know if it works but do know I don't want water anywhere near my casting set-up.
Chuck
  
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Grumpy gumpy
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #2 - May 31st, 2022 at 11:27pm
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I drop mine into water, don’t know about the long term hardness, I do it for convenience. Somewhere amongst all my stuff is an article on quenching and long term effects, goes into immediate hardness and stabilisation in long term storage
Gumpy
  
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singleshotsam
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #3 - May 31st, 2022 at 11:46pm
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I quench my bullets cast from wheel weights that I shoot in my 30-40 Krag Sporter and my 458 Magnum Ruger #1. They come out as hard as the ones I cast from Linotype. When I started quenching I tested them with my LBT lead hardness tester and they were within one point of the same. I usually shoot them within 6 months of casting and have seen no tendency for them to lead or loose accuracy. My quench water is a good 6 feet from my lead pot. Cast, turn 180 degrees and takes one step to reach the water. I have seen what a drop of water can do in molten lead so I am very careful.
  
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Aussie_Hunter
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #4 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 2:08am
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I do all my cast projectiles, after reading that by doing that they were roughly 50% harder than if not quenched, used to get leading in my 45 Colt sa, with lightish loads, now do not, very worth it.
  
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Cbashooter
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #5 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 2:51am
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I don't belive tin and lead alone will harden beyond its standard BHN from quenching.i think antimony (and or) arsenic need to be present.
  
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Dusty Rhodes
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #6 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 4:34am
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Cbashooter wrote on Jun 1st, 2022 at 2:51am:
I don't belive tin and lead alone will harden beyond its standard BHN from quenching.i think antimony (and or) arsenic need to be present.


Interesting. Have you proved that. ? 
I seem to think I've heard that before. ??
  
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gnoahhh
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #7 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 7:42am
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Cbashooter wrote on Jun 1st, 2022 at 2:51am:
I don't belive tin and lead alone will harden beyond its standard BHN from quenching.i think antimony (and or) arsenic need to be present.


Yep. tin/lead binary alloys aren't affected by quenching. You need to make it a tertiary alloy with the addition of antimony to achieve quench hardening. Don't ask me to describe the science involved, I'm no metallurgist. (Clip-on wheelweights contain antimony and the hardening thereof was what drove experimenters to discover this many decades ago now, about the time readily available stocks of linotype started drying up.)

It's gotta be done consistently to get consistent results, I do know that. I messed with doing this several decades ago after reading of the "wonderful" results achieved by luminaries in the bullet casting game. It works, but dropped the whole notion when A) I realized I was rarely venturing over the 2000fps threshold where super hard bullets shine, and B) I fell into a ridiculously large amount of linotype and monotype (most of which I still have), and C) my casting was directly in support of my hunting pursuits (I wasn't much of a target competitor) and hard bullets really really suck for hunting with .30 rifles.

  
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John in PA
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #8 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 9:42am
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There are extensive articles in the Wolf Publishing book on bullet casting. My recollection mirrors that of another commenter,, that is that lead and lead/tin alloys neither age harden nor harden by quenching. Antimony is necessary in the mix for quenching to have a effect. And when even a couple per cent of antimony is present, the effect is dramatic, as mentioned by a poster above. The older Lyman Cast Bullet Handbooks go into the compositions of various available sources of scrap lead alloy (current too the time.) All references to wheel weights refer to the composition 15+ years ago, and only refer to the type that clip on the rim. The stick on types, I believe I've heard, do not even contain lead(??)

Antimony alloys age harden also, but I believe not nearly to teh extent that they do with quenching.
  

John Wells
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rgchristensen
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #9 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 10:33am
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This is not a new idea, of course, and the metallurgy there-of is well known.   A trace of arsenic, easily obtained by adding some lead shot, is necessary for uniform results.   Instead of dropping the bullets from the mould into water, it is far better to make a little wire-mesh basket and heat the bullets in an oven, then quench.

The late Charlie Dell and Hank Stromberg were advocates of this process, and I inherited a mould for square bullets (rectangular cross-section) from Hank.   This makes it easy to measure the resulting hardness of bullets if you put a square one or two in each quench.

In my experiments, it was easy to obtain hardnesses of up to 32 BHN.  Alas, I never found the really hard bullets to shoot any better!

CHRIS
  
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Schuetzendave
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #10 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 4:40pm
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Depends what your alloy is.

Alloys with antimony and traces of arsenic harden over time.

Not sure to what extent water quenching speeds up the process.
I have never seen scientific evaluation that this occurs.

Alloys with only tin soften over time.

Can you provide scientific research that confirms hardness increases from quenching - and dependent on which alloys.
  
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JLouis
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #11 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 5:10pm
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One only needs to read Charlie Dells and Wayne's Schuetzen book.
  

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Dellet
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #12 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 5:46pm
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Schuetzendave wrote on Jun 1st, 2022 at 4:40pm:
Depends what your alloy is.

Alloys with antimony and traces of arsenic harden over time.

Not sure to what extent water quenching speeds up the process.
I have never seen scientific evaluation that this occurs.

Alloys with only tin soften over time.

Can you provide scientific research that confirms hardness increases from quenching - and dependent on which alloys.


Finding scientific research on “hardness increases” might be thin, but if you search “strengthening lead alloy” more information is available along with multiple patents on the process. 

This has been an issue/process with lead core batteries for more than 100 years, more or less since wet cell batteries have existed. 

Here’s  one article that touches a bit of both. It appears some of the links are no longer good.
(You need to Login or Register to view media files and links)

Chinese patented process
(You need to Login or Register to view media files and links)

Will add a patent for hardening shot and projectiles
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« Last Edit: Jun 1st, 2022 at 6:44pm by Dellet »  
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oneatatime
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #13 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 6:04pm
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Like Gumpy, I do it for convenience - the bullet is well cooled by the time it touches its friends resting on the felt pad at the bottom of the bucket. When the bucket bottom is evenly covered I add another felt pad. And, the water is lower and well separated from the pot. I changed "hardened" to "cooled" to avoid confusion with changing the BHN which I don't find necessary for my alloys.
« Last Edit: Jun 1st, 2022 at 7:01pm by oneatatime »  
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Schuetzendave
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Re: Quenching bullets.
Reply #14 - Jun 1st, 2022 at 6:32pm
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Quenching after heat treating the alloy for an extended time results in hardening.

However I still have seen no indication the quenching of newly molded bullets results in hardening.

The heat treatment process results in the increased bullet hardness  changing the crystalline structure of the alloy.
This change in structure needs an extended period of holding at a temperature of 400F. to 480F. 
Dropping new bullets in water after forming does not result in the required change in molecular structure which improves hardness.
  
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